Torah with Targum Onkelos — Colour Manuscript
The Torah with Targum Onkelos presents the five books of Moses alongside Onkelos's authoritative Aramaic translation (Targum), written c. 110–135 AD. The Targum of Onkelos was the official Aramaic translation of the Torah used in Babylonian Jewish communities for liturgy and study, second only to the Hebrew text in authority.
History & Background
These ancient manuscripts and early printed editions represent the foundational textual tradition of the Bible. From the great Greek codices — Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Alexandrinus — to the Hebrew Masoretic text, the Latin Vulgate, and the Septuagint, these documents form the bedrock upon which all modern Bible translations rest. They are the raw materials of biblical scholarship, preserved across centuries through the dedication of scribes, monks, and scholars who understood their eternal value.
Canon Proximity Rating
These ancient manuscripts represent the earliest surviving witnesses to the biblical text and are the primary sources for all modern critical editions of the Old and New Testaments.